Abstract
The Photon Analysis Delivery and REduction System of FERMI (PADReS) has been routinely used during the machine commissioning and operations of FERMI since 2011. It has also served the needs of several user runs at the facility from late 2012. The system is endowed with online and shot-to-shot diagnostics giving information about intensity, spatial-angular distribution, spectral content, as well as other diagnostics to determine coherence, pulse length etc. Moreover, PADReS is capable of manipulating the beam in terms of intensity and optical parameters. Regarding the optics, besides a standard refocusing system based on an ellipsoidal mirror, the Kirkpatrick-Baez active optics systems are key elements and have been used intensively to meet users' requirements. A general description of the system is given, together with some selected results from the commissioning/operations/user beam time.
Highlights
The free-electron laser (FEL) FERMI started to deliver extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray (EUV/SXR) photons in early 2011, becoming in late 2012 the first seeded FEL facility worldwide open to external users. It is endowed with two FELs covering the wavelength range from 100 to 4 nm in the fundamental harmonic and with full control of the polarization (Allaria et al, 2014): 100–20 nm covered by FEL-1 and 20–4 nm by FEL-2
FEL-2, on the other hand, is ready to be opened to external users, having delivered during the commissioning a beam with the requested characteristics, especially in terms of energy per pulse, spectrum and general reliability (Allaria et al, 2013a)
By moving the trunks transversally one with respect to the other it is possible to select the effective aperture defining the angular acceptance of the optical system, which ranges from 0 to 0.6 mrad for FEL-1, and from 0 to 0.78 mrad for FEL-2
Summary
The free-electron laser (FEL) FERMI started to deliver extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray (EUV/SXR) photons in early 2011, becoming in late 2012 the first seeded FEL facility worldwide open to external users It is endowed with two FELs covering the wavelength range from 100 to 4 nm in the fundamental harmonic and with full control of the polarization (Allaria et al, 2014): 100–20 nm covered by FEL-1 and 20–4 nm by FEL-2. A diagnostic devoted to transversal section that includes a beam-defining aperture (BDA), two coherence measurements (not yet pulse-resolved) is installed beam position monitors (BPMs), two intensity monitors along the EIS-TIMER branchline, while on the common path (I0Ms) and a gas absorber (GA) The latter, in particular, is to the currently operative endstations (EIS-TIMEX, DiProI and LDM) an autocorrelator/delay.
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