Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is an important characteristic component and active ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and its various aspects of research are constantly being updated to explore its potential application. In this paper, we review the recent progress on pharmacological activities and the therapeutic mechanisms of Tan IIA according to literature during the years 2015–2021. Tan IIA shows multiple pharmacological effects, including anticarcinogenic, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, urinary, digestive, and motor systems activities. Tan IIA modulates multi-targets referring to Nrf2, AMPK, GSK-3β, EGFR, CD36, HO-1, NOX4, Beclin-1, TLR4, TNF-α, STAT3, Caspase-3, and bcl-2 proteins and multi-pathways including NF-κB, SIRT1/PGC1α, MAPK, SREBP-2/Pcsk9, Wnt, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, TGF-β/Smad and Hippo/YAP pathways, etc., which directly or indirectly influence disease course. Further, with the reported targets, the potential effects and possible mechanisms of Tan IIA against diseases were predicted by bioinformatic analysis. This paper provides new insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tan IIA against diseases.
Highlights
S. miltiorrhiza has been used for thousands of years as a traditional Chinese medicine in Asia
This paper provides comprehensive insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) against diseases, which will undoubtedly promote the development and usage of Tan IIA and the S. miltiorrhiza products in the clinic
In a clinical trial of the potential cardioprotective effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome, 192 patients were given STS and 180 were given saline, and the results showed that 30-days major adverse cardiac events occurred in 18.8% of the STS group and 27.2% of the control group, and the incidence of bleeding was similar between patients receiving STS and control group
Summary
S. miltiorrhiza has been used for thousands of years as a traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. Tan IIA mediates the SMAD7-YAP expression in a TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway-dependent manner to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Ma et al, 2019).
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