Recent Research and Development of Open and Endo Biomedical Instrument in Surgical Applications

Abstract

The biomedical surgical instruments are mainly designed to perform specific functions during the surgical procedures including modifying biological tissue, open and close the organs and tissues, and providing access to view it. The surgical instruments are designed for general or specific procedures in surgery, and specialized professionals and engineers can provide assistance to surgeon with proper handling of surgical instruments in surgical operation. The important difference in surgical instruments is the amount of bodily disruption and tissue trauma that instruments might cause the patients. The development of minimally invasive surgical instruments is in the positive and future directions for surgical product industry. Surgical instruments were designed and developed since ancient times. The following real breakthrough in surgical instrument development comes with advanced biomedical technologies, better materials, and improved manufacturing techniques (Lin et al., 2007). Later more new surgical instruments were again invented and designed with the new biomedical engineering technologies to allow surgeon performing more complicated surgical procedures to patients. Some precision medical instruments were developed for microsurgery and endoscopic surgery in the late 20th century (Cheng et al., 2004). In order to prevent the instruments from corrosion due to blood contamination and sterilization, the nontoxic, durable and anti-corrosion materials were developed for surgical instruments. The modern manufacturing techniques help to produce the cost effective biomedical surgical instruments. The advanced biomedical researches over the past centuries significantly improve human's life quality. Biomedical instrument design and development is to apply engineering principles and techniques to the biomedical fields to reduce the gap between engineering and surgery and combine the engineering design knowledge and problem solving with biomedical and surgery science to improve surgical procedures, diagnosis and treatment. Biomedical surgical instrument design and development is an interdisciplinary field that affected by other technological and biomedical fields including mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering. The surgical instrument design should be collaborated regarding prospective design improvements based on clinical experiences. The development progression of the state-of-the-art instruments must be traced to reconstruct procurement patterns and influence the trajectory of surgical instrument innovation accordingly. Biomedical Surgical instruments are developed to facilitate many different