Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli which has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenic E. coli is important in environmental and food quality monitoring. In spite of their advantages and high acceptance, culture-based methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, ATP bioluminescence, and solid-phase cytometry have various drawbacks, including being time-consuming, requiring trained technicians and/or specific equipment, and producing biological waste. Therefore, there is necessity for affordable, rapid, and simple approaches. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise for rapid food- and water-borne pathogen detection. Over the last decade, various attempts have been made to develop techniques for the rapid quantification of E. coli O157:H7. This review covers the importance of E. coli O157:H7 and recent progress (from 2015 to 2020) in the development of the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors developed for E. coli O157:H7 using different nanomaterials, labels, and electrochemical transducers.
Highlights
The rapid spread of pathogenic bacteria, as well as their rapid development of antibiotic resistance, has caused worldwide concern as they are a major source of both foodborne and waterborne illnesses [1,2,3]
Guner determine the target molecule within a sample matrix. They can be integrated with nucleic acids, and coworkers developed a highly sensitive sandwich assay electrochemical immunosensor based on enzymes, and antibody recognition elements, and are applicable for environmental monitoring a Py, Pyrrole/gold nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotube/chitosan (PPy/AuNP/MWCNT/Chi)
A low detection limit of Electrochemical biosensors based quantitative readout by the Personal Glucometer (PGM), the invertase in the proposed sandwich assay catalyzed the on amperometry the advantages high sensitivity, rapid, cost, limit and of robustness hydrolysishave of sucrose to generate a of large amount of glucose
Summary
The rapid spread of pathogenic bacteria, as well as their rapid development of antibiotic resistance, has caused worldwide concern as they are a major source of both foodborne and waterborne illnesses [1,2,3]. PCR methods, mainly real time PCR, have been vastly used for E. coli O 157:H7 identification by targeting some virulence factor-encoding genes, it has disadvantages, including that most of the genes are not specific for this bacterium, and difficulty in differentiating between viable and nonviable cells. ELISA is an immunological technique which employs an enzyme for the detection of an antigen or antibody as a result of microbial presence in a sample These techniques often require enrichment or purification steps and pretreatments, lengthening the analysis time. Biosensors have the advantages of simplicity, specificity, low detection limit, simple operation, being inexpensive, easy to use, providing real-time measurement, capability of multitarget testing and automation, portability, miniaturization, and rapid detection. For detection of pathogenic bacteria, different kinds of nanomaterials have been integrated into the biosensors, yielding improvements in terms of stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of the electrochemical biosensors.
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