Abstract
Over the past few decades, the photoacoustic (PA) effect has been widely investigated, opening up diverse applications, such as photoacoustic spectroscopy, estimation of chemical energies, or point-of-care detection. Notably, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has also been developed and has recently received considerable attention in bio-related or clinical imaging fields, as it now facilitates an imaging platform in the near-infrared (NIR) region by taking advantage of the significant advancement of exogenous imaging agents. The NIR PAI platform now paves the way for high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging, which is imperative for contemporary theragnosis, a combination of precise diagnosis and well-timed therapy. This review reports the recent progress on NIR PAI modality, as well as semiconducting contrast agents, and outlines the trend in current NIR imaging and provides further direction for the prospective development of PAI systems.
Highlights
Optical imaging modalities such as fluorescence imaging (FLI), multi-photon microscopy (MPM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) are widely utilized in preclinical and clinical imaging field
Near-infrared (NIR) light can be used as the photoacoustic imaging (PAI) laser source, and exogenous contrast agents with strong absorption spectra in can be used as the PAI laser source, and exogenous contrast agents with strong absorption spectra in the NIR region are proposed as solutions to achieve deep-tissue imaging [38,39]
In the case of a microscopic system for providing high-resolution images, a depth image of 11 mm or more can be realized while maintaining ultrasonic resolution by using a laser in the NIR region
Summary
Optical imaging modalities such as fluorescence imaging (FLI), multi-photon microscopy (MPM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) are widely utilized in preclinical and clinical imaging field. Even if the natural absorbing biomolecules of the biological tissue offer a diverse contrast to PAI, the absorption peaks normally position in the visible spectrum (i.e., 400–650 nm). The natural absorbing biomolecules for the multiple contrast of PAI only allow for the visualization of areas at a limited depth. Near-infrared (NIR) light allow for the visualization of areas at a limited depth To resolve this issue, near-infrared (NIR) light can be used as the PAI laser source, and exogenous contrast agents with strong absorption spectra in can be used as the PAI laser source, and exogenous contrast agents with strong absorption spectra in the NIR region are proposed as solutions to achieve deep-tissue imaging [38,39]. Recent trend and will be a guideline to the future development of new imaging applications
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