Recent Progress on Epidemiology and Pathobiology of Porcine Circovirus 3.

Si Chen,Linzhu Ren,Guyu Niu,Xue Li,Liying Zhang

doi:10.3390/v13101944

Abstract

The recently discovered porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) belongs to the Circovirus genus of the Circoviridae family together with the other three PCVs, PCV1, PCV2, and PCV4. As reported, PCV3 can infect pig, wild boar, and several other intermediate hosts, resulting in single or multiple infections in the affected animal. The PCV3 infection can lead to respiratory diseases, digestive disorders, reproductive disorders, multisystemic inflammation, and immune responses. Up to now, PCV3 infection, as well as the disease caused by PCV3, has been reported in many swine farms worldwide with high positive rates, which indicates that the virus may be another important pathogen in the swine industry. Therefore, we reviewed the current progress on epidemiology and pathobiology of PCV3, which may provide the latest knowledge of the virus and PCV3-related diseases.

Highlights

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) belongs to the Circovirus genus of the Circoviridae family [1,2]
porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) infection may be closely related to reproductive disorders, respiratory disease, and multiorganic inflammation
Similar to PCV2, which has caused great harm to the swine industry, PCV3 infection occurs in pigs and wild boars as well as numerous intermediate hosts, resulting in horizontal and vertical transmissions

Summary

Introduction

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) belongs to the Circovirus genus of the Circoviridae family [1,2]. We previously found that most of the PCV3 strains can be divided into two clades, clade I and clade II, using five different phylogenetic methods [2], which has been further confirmed by the recent results of other groups [5,6] These results suggest that PCV3 genotypes based on complete coding sequences of PCV3 are stable and reliable, and the viral genome is relatively conserved compared with that of PCV2. It has been reported that PCV3 exists in animals under different clinical conditions, including pigs, wild boar, and other animals. Other groups reported that the positive rate of PCV3 in wild boars was 30–50% or even higher than that of the domestic pigs [1,7,13,42]. These results indicate that PCV3 has a wide host spectrum, which may pose a great threat to the domestic pig and pig industry

Transmission Routes

Co-Infection

Multisystemic Inflammation and Immune Responses

Reproductive Disorders

Findings

Conclusions and Perspective