Abstract
Due to the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels, microbial fermentation is considered a sustainable approach for chemical production using glucose, xylose, menthol, and other complex carbon sources represented by lignocellulosic biomass. Among these, xylose, methanol, arabinose, glycerol, and other alternative feedstocks have been identified as superior non-food sustainable carbon substrates that can be effectively developed for microbe-based bioproduction. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a model gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively engineered to produce amino acids and other chemicals. Recently, in order to reduce production costs and avoid competition for human food, C. glutamicum has also been engineered to broaden its substrate spectrum. Strengthening endogenous metabolic pathways or assembling heterologous ones enables C. glutamicum to rapidly catabolize a multitude of carbon sources. This review summarizes recent progress in metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum toward a broad substrate spectrum and diverse chemical production. In particularly, utilization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived complex hybrid carbon source represents the futural direction for non-food renewable feedstocks was discussed.
Highlights
Since isolation in 1957, Corynebacterium glutamicum has been intensively applied for biobased chemical production due to its ability to secrete amino acids, which are traditionally used as drugs or health products (Kogure and Inui, 2018; Wu et al, 2019)
Most amino acids, including L-glutamate, L-lysine, L-arginine, L-valine, and L-ornithine, have achieved industrial-scale production due to rapid development of gene-editing and fermentationmanipulation techniques. These amino acids are used in human nutrition, food additives, and drug preparation, applications that benefit from the use of biologically safe C. glutamicum (Lee and Wendisch, 2017a)
In addition to amino acids, C. glutamicum has been extensively modulated to produce a multitude of valuable products, including bulk chemicals, natural products, Chemicals Production From Renewable Feedstocks polymers, proteins, and biofuels (Becker et al, 2018b; Shanmugam et al, 2018, 2019; Wendisch et al, 2018)
Summary
Since isolation in 1957, Corynebacterium glutamicum has been intensively applied for biobased chemical production due to its ability to secrete amino acids, which are traditionally used as drugs or health products (Kogure and Inui, 2018; Wu et al, 2019). Co-expression of the E. coli araBAD operon and X. campestris xylA endowed engineered C. glutamicum with the ability to simultaneously utilize arabinose and xylose as well as improve the production titers of L-lysine, L-glutamate, L-ornithine, and putrescine (Meiswinkel et al, 2013a).
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