Recent Progress on Bio-Based Polyesters Derived from 2,5-Furandicarbonxylic Acid (FDCA).

Xuan Fei,Xiaoqin Zhang,Zhen Jia,Jinggang Wang,Xiaoqing Liu,Yanhua Jiang

doi:10.3390/polym14030625

Xuan Fei, Xiaoqin Zhang + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030625

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Abstract

The big challenge today is the upgrading of sustainable materials to replace miscellaneous ones from petroleum resources. Thus, a generic bio-based building block lays the foundation of the huge bio-market to green economy. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a rigid diacid derived from lignocellulose or fructose, represents a great potential as a contender to terephthalic acid (TPA). Recently, studies on the synthesis, modification, and functionalization of bio-based polyesters based on FDCA have attracted widespread attention. To apply furanic polyesters on engineering plastics, packaging materials, electronics, etc., researchers have extended the properties of basic FDCA-based homo-polyesters by directional copolymerization and composite preparation. This review covers the synthesis and performance of polyesters and composites based on FDCA with emphasis bedded on the thermomechanical, crystallization, barrier properties, and biodegradability. Finally, a summary of what has been achieved and the issues waiting to be addressed of FDCA-based polyester materials are suggested.

Highlights

As concern regarding the pollution of petrochemicals spreads abroad, sustainability has been highlighted in the last decades: bio-based plastics from renewable resources have become a solution, trending within polymer research [1,2]
Widelyapplied bio-based polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) [4], polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) [5], poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) [6], and polybutylene succinate (PBS) [7], which all belong to aliphatic polymers, lack rigidity from their innate structure, leading to weaker thermomechanical properties compared to oil-based poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polycarbonates (PC), etc
Hu et al [98] prepared poly(butylene furandicarboxylate-co-ε-caprolactone) (PBFCL) co-polyesters where the results showed that after 48 days with enzymes, the weight loss could be over 30% and when the CL content was more than 40 mol%, the co-polyesters exhibited good recoverability

Summary

Introduction

As concern regarding the pollution of petrochemicals spreads abroad, sustainability has been highlighted in the last decades: bio-based plastics from renewable resources have become a solution, trending within polymer research [1,2]. Zhou’s group [11] investigated the mechanical properties of PEF and found a tensile modulus of 2100 MPa and tensile strength of 66.7 MPa, which was close to that of PET (2000 MPa and 45 MPa). ISB units can obviously enhance the thermal performance (Tg of −1 °C to 21 °C, Td5% of 405 °C to 413 °C) and mechanical properties (tensile modulus et al [59] synthesized poly(decamethylene-co-isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s (PDIsFs) from DMFD, ISB, and 1,10-decanediol via melt polycondensation with Mn within the range of 11,500–25,400 g/mol. ISB units can obviously enhance the thermal performance (Tg of −1 ◦C to 21 ◦C, Td5% of 405 ◦C to 413 ◦C) and mechanical properties (tensile modulus ranging from 14 MPa to 559 MPa and elongation at break between 205–266%) of the obtained polyesters.

Balance between Rigidity and Flexibility

Introduction of Biodegradability

Blends of Furanoates

Findings

Conclusions