Abstract
Rare earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have the advantages of a narrow emission peak, large anti-Stokes displacement, negligible autofluorescence and photobleaching, which make them popular in biomedical fields. With the development of biological technology and nanotechnology, great progress has been achieved in application of rare earth-doped UCNPsfor disease diagnosis and treatment. To date, based on the light conversion characteristics of upconverted rare earth nanocrystals, their medical applications are mainly focused on tumor detection and treatment. In view of the above situation, this paper focuses on reviewing UCNPs applications for the treatment and detection of various diseases, including atherosclerosis, inflammation, bacterial infections, viruses, and tumors. Finally, challenges and opportunities of UCNPs applicaiton in disease treatment and detection are discussed. Overall, our goal is to provide readers with a fresh perspective on developments in the treatment and detection of various diseases with rare earth-doped upconversion materials.
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