Abstract

Based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as an emerging energy technology can effectively harvest mechanical energy from the ambient environment. However, due to its inherent property of large impedance, the TENG shows high voltage, low current and limited output power, which cannot satisfy the stable power supply requirements of conventional electronics. As the interface unit between the TENG and load devices, the power management circuit can perform significant functions of voltage and impedance conversion for efficient energy supply and storage. Here, a review of the recent progress of switching power management for TENGs is introduced. Firstly, the fundamentals of the TENG are briefly introduced. Secondly, according to the switch types, the existing power management methods are summarized and divided into four categories: travel switch, voltage trigger switch, transistor switch of discrete components and integrated circuit switch. The switch structure and power management principle of each type are reviewed in detail. Finally, the advantages and drawbacks of various switching power management circuits for TENGs are systematically summarized, and the challenges and development of further research are prospected.

Highlights

  • In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) [1] and 5G technology [2], widely distributed sensor networks [3] and signal transmission electronic equipment have an urgent demand for sustainable energy supply

  • We systematically reviewed the recent progress of switching power management for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)

  • Based on the type of the switch, the current power management strategies are classified into mechanical switches and electronic switches

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Summary

Introduction

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) [1] and 5G technology [2], widely distributed sensor networks [3] and signal transmission electronic equipment have an urgent demand for sustainable energy supply. Originating from the second term of Maxwell’s displacement current, the TENG has been proven to be able to collect various kinds of environmental mechanical energy, including human motion energy [18,19,20], raindrops energy [21,22,23], and ocean wave energy [24,25,26]. It has the advantages of low cost [27], a wide range of material selection [28], flexibility [29] and more. The right side of the equation consists of two voltage terms: the Voc term is generated by the polarized triboelectric charge, and the −Q/C(x) term is the contribution of the transferred charge to V

Output Characteristics under Resistive Load
Charging Characteristics under Capacitive Load
The V-Q Curve for TENG
Parallel Switch
Switch Capacitor Convertor
Voltage-Triggered Switch
Spark Switch
MOSFET
Integrated Circuit
Findings
Conclusions and Prospects
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