Abstract
Fluxgate magnetic sensors are especially important in detecting weak magnetic fields. The mechanism of a fluxgate magnetic sensor is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The structure of a fluxgate magnetic sensor mainly consists of excitation windings, core and sensing windings, similar to the structure of a transformer. To date, they have been applied to many fields such as geophysics and astro-observations, wearable electronic devices and non-destructive testing. In this review, we report the recent progress in both the basic research and applications of fluxgate magnetic sensors, especially in the past two years. Regarding the basic research, we focus on the progress in lowering the noise, better calibration methods and increasing the sensitivity. Concerning applications, we introduce recent work about fluxgate magnetometers on spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, wearable electronic devices and defect detection in coiled tubing. Based on the above work, we hope that we can have a clearer prospect about the future research direction of fluxgate magnetic sensor.
Highlights
In the past two years, much progress has been made about lowering the noise, new calibration methods and increasing the sensitivity of fluxgate magnetometers
Fluxgate magnetic sensors have been applied in many new fields and many practical problems solved
The work about lowering the noise should focus on the type of noise apart from the Barkhausen noise because after years of effort, the Barkhausen noise has been reduced to a low level
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The noise of a fundamental mode orthogonal fluxgate is usually ascribed to Barkhausen noise [21,22] The origin of this noise is the movement of the domain wall in the alloy wires which make up the core of magnetic sensor. Isa their widely acknowlAlthough this offset drift be reduced in either digital or relatively analog domain, edged disadvantage of orthogonal typecan fluxgate magnetometers is their large in Janosek’s work, this method is not applied because it will cause an increase of the noise. Benefitting from the low noise and offset drift, MCG measurements can be performed under room temperature and Sensors 2020, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW developed fluxgate magnetometer has many promising applications.
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