Recent progress of amine modified sorbents for capturing CO2 from flue gas

Abstract

Abstract Under the Paris agreement, China has committed to reducing CO2 emissions by 60%–65% per unit of GDP by 2030. Since CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants currently account for over 30% of the total carbon emissions in China, it will be necessary to mitigate at least some of these emissions to achieve this goal. Studies by the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicate CCS technology has the potential to contribute 14% of global emission reductions, followed by 40% of higher energy efficiency and 35% of renewable energy, which is considered as the most promising technology to significantly reduce carbon emissions for current coal-fired power plants. Moreover, the announcement of a Chinese national carbon trading market in late 2017 signals an opportunity for the commercial deployment of CO2 capture technologies. Currently, the only commercially demonstrated technology for post-combustion CO2 capture technology from power plants is solvent-based absorption. While commercially viable, the costs of deploying this technology are high. This has motivated efforts to develop more affordable alternatives, including advanced solvents, membranes, and sorbent capture systems. Of these approaches, advanced solvents have received the most attention in terms of research and demonstration. In contrast, sorbent capture technology has less attention, despite its potential for much lower energy consumption due to the absence of water in the sorbent. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of sorbent materials modified by amine functionalities with an emphasis on material characterization methods and the effects of operating conditions on performance. The main problems and challenges that need to be overcome to improve the competitiveness of sorbent-based capture technologies are discussed.