Abstract
Rapid advancements and wide spread of microwave- and RF-communication systems over the years have led to an abundant increase in electromagnetic energy radiation in our living environment. Such an increase in microwave sources is due to the development and advancement in communication techniques (mobile phones, laptops, and antennas for aeronautics or automobile) and electronic warfare in the military field (radar and satellite). Recently research efforts are focused on finding solutions to guarantee protection from electromagnetic (EM) radiations. The EM absorbing materials are used to overcome these issues to ensure public protection as well as safe military operations. Various types of EM absorbing materials comprising composite materials have been progressively developed and researched. This kind of material is developed by impeding absorbing charges (magnetic or dielectric) into a host matrix material. Recently, carbon allotropes such as graphene, MXenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon fibers have attracted increasing attention owing to their EMI shielding characteristics and lightweight. This work presents a comprehensive study on the recent research progress on the application of nanomaterials for electromagnetic shielding and absorption. The review will cover the microwave absorption mechanism and absorption performance using graphene, MXenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbides, and ferromagnetic metals. Overall, the review will present a timely update on the research progress of microwave absorption performance of various nanomaterials.
Highlights
Because of the increase in environmental emissions of microwave irradiation, microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) have become an essential part of the stealth defensive system for all military platforms (Zhang and Zhu 2009) and communication and information processing technologies (Green and Chen 2019a)
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent development in the application of 2D nanomaterials for electromagnetic wave absorption such as graphene and MXenes
This manuscript is organized into different sections, starting with the microwave absorption mechanism followed by sections dealing with historical review of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 2D nanomaterials that are used for microwave applications such as graphene and MXenes
Summary
Because of the increase in environmental emissions of microwave irradiation, microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) have become an essential part of the stealth defensive system for all military platforms (Zhang and Zhu 2009) and communication and information processing technologies (Green and Chen 2019a). On the basis of electromagnetic wave components, namely, electrical and magnetic components, microwave absorbers are generally classified into two groups as dielectric or magnetic absorbing materials. The magnetic absorbers, depending on their magnetic properties (Wang et al, 2013), show a disadvantage of higher density than the dielectric absorbers but exhibit an excellent absorptivity (Munir 2017). These two components should be suppressed simultaneously for better absorption (Silva et al, 2018). This manuscript is organized into different sections, starting with the microwave absorption mechanism followed by sections dealing with historical review of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 2D nanomaterials that are used for microwave applications such as graphene and MXenes
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