Abstract
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018, “For groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”, went to Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland. Their inventions have revolutionized laser physics and greatly promoted the development of laser instruments, which have penetrated into many aspects of people’s daily lives. However, for the purpose of protecting human eyes or optical instruments from being damaged by both pulsed and continuous wave laser radiation, the research on laser protective materials is of particular significance. Due to the intriguing and outstanding physical, chemical, and structural properties, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been extensively studied as optical limiting (OL) materials owing to their broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) response and fast carrier relaxation dynamics that are important for reducing the laser intensity. This review systematically describes the OL mechanisms and the recent progress in 2D nanomaterials for laser protection.
Highlights
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics went to Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland, for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics
Arthur Ashkin was awarded for his work with optical tweezers and their application in biological systems, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland were awarded for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses (Figure 1a) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
The study of 2D nanomaterials with superior nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is one of the most active areas in laser protection, a single material cannot protect against the wide-spectrum laser and cover all the requirements of NLO applications
Summary
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics went to Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland, for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics. The inter- and intra-molecular interactions of 2D nanomaterials can greatly shorten the excited state lifetime, add relaxation pathways, and thereby reduce effective NLO absorption [74,75,76] These 2D materials usually exhibit notorious solubility and stability. If the eturned to S1,pulse the duration population may undergo aninterband intersystem crossing the first excited triplet T1 of the laser is shorter than the relaxation time of theto materials, electrons in populated. From Equation (5), the larger the κ values and the smaller the Isat values are, the better the optical limiting performance is [78] By using this five-level system energy level model, it can be clearly seen that the excited state absorption plays an important role in the RSA process
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