Abstract
Metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) behaviors accompanied by a rapid reversible phase transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2) have gained substantial attention for investigations into various potential applications and obtaining good materials to study strongly correlated electronic behaviors in transition metal oxides (TMOs). Although its phase-transition mechanism is still controversial, during the past few decades, people have made great efforts in understanding the MIT mechanism, which could also benefit the investigation of MIT modulation. This review summarizes the recent progress in the phase-transition mechanism and modulation of VO2 materials. A representative understanding on the phase-transition mechanism, such as the lattice distortion and electron correlations, are discussed. Based on the research of the phase-transition mechanism, modulation methods, such as element doping, electric field (current and gating), and tensile/compression strain, as well as employing lasers, are summarized for comparison. Finally, discussions on future trends and perspectives are also provided. This review gives a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of MIT behaviors and the phase-transition modulations.
Highlights
In the past decades, the elucidation of the physical properties of strongly correlated systems has been one of the most challenging subjects in condensed matter physics and has continued to pose controversial theoretical, as well as experimental, issues
The results showed that the Peierls V–V dimerization was less pronounced in HVO2 than in M-VO2, but electrons supplied by hydrogens expanded the lattice through an electron–lattice coupling, which seemed to trigger a stronger electron correlation in narrow d bands and created the band gap in the insulating HVO2 phase
Behaviors, VO2 materials exhibit the greatest potential for application in thermochromic devices and energyefficient systems
Summary
Since evidence has been found that both electron–electron interactions and V–V dimerization distortions contribute to the transition from the insulating monoclinic phase to the metallic rutile phase, a focus could be what roles they play in the transition. With the development and maturation of various in situ observation techniques, Laverock et al.[37] reported a simultaneous measurement of the structural and electronic components of the MIT of VO2 using electron and photoelectron spectroscopies and microscopies. They showed that these components evolve over different temperature scales and are separated by an unusual monoclinic-like-metallic phase. The correlation between structural kinetics and electronic structure indicates that the structural rearrangement is a key factor to the narrowing of the insulating band gap The discovery of such a monoclinic-metallic phase leads us to turn our attention to electron–lattice interactions. The great challenge comes from the limitation of currently available characterizations, in that it is hard to capture intermediate electronic states in spatial isolation because of their transient occurrence
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