Abstract
Stressed compensated (SC) cut led recently to the best frequency stability ever obtained with a quartz oscillator, 2.5 × 10−14 for the flicker frequency modulation (FFM) floor. This result is confirmed in this paper with a 3.2 × 10−14 ± 1.1 × 10−14 . The quartz resonator is integrated in a 5 MHz enhanced aging box double oven controlled oscillator. After reminding a bit of history, this paper describes how the first significant development in terms of ultra-stable quartz state-of-the-art oscillators was performed in the last 20 years, how the resonators were chosen, and main information about the development of adequate electronics and how to mechanically and thermally stabilized such an ultra-stable oscillator. We also present how to characterize the expected performances, and hot topics in quartz based oscillators.
Highlights
The piezoelectric effect is one of the particularity of quartz
It has to be underlined that the progress in terms of frequency stability of quartz oscillators are related to several multidisciplinary domains for optimization such has mechanical, thermal and electronic optimization
In this paper were presented the recent progress in Quartz oscillators fabrication and instrumentation to enable measure of the best frequency stability performances on resonators and oscillators
Summary
The piezoelectric effect is one of the particularity of quartz Thanks to this effect, quartz has many applications especially in frequency standards sources and sensors. A mechanical deformation of this material appears when applying a voltage. It is useful for sensors as it concretely allows the probing of an acoustic resonance by electrical means. The application of alternating current to the quartz crystal induces oscillations. The quality factor (Q factor) is the ratio of frequency and bandwidth. It can be as high as 2 · 106 for high quality quartz. The frequency of oscillation of a quartz crystal partially depends on its thickness. The early history of the Development of ultra-precise oscillators for ground and space applications is strongly connected to the progress realized in quartz oscillators
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