Abstract
The combination of light weight, strength, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg) alloys can soon break the paradigm for temporary orthopedic implants. As the fulfillment of Mg-based implants inside the physiological environment depends on the interaction at the tissue–implant interface, surface modification appears to be a more practical approach to control the rapid degradation rate. This article reviews recent progress on surface modification of Mg-based materials to tailor the degradation rate and biocompatibility for orthopedic applications. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of the various surface modification techniques employed are also included for easy reference of the readers.
Highlights
The use of ceramics and polymers showed early implant failure due to insufficient strength and instability (Zhao et al, 2017; Li et al, 2020a; Jahr et al, 2021)
It was understood that during in vitro tests, surface modification seems to play a significant role in optimizing the biodegradation behavior of Mg-based materials during the initial stages
The metallurgical modification needs to be considered to ensure the clinical outcome of Mg-based alloys for orthopedic applications
Summary
The use of ceramics and polymers showed early implant failure due to insufficient strength and instability (Zhao et al, 2017; Li et al, 2020a; Jahr et al, 2021). Zaffora et al (2021) found 30 min as the optimum anodization time corresponding to a current density of 20 mA/cm and suggested that postthermal treatment for 24 h at 350°C can enhance the corrosion resistance by one order of magnitude via sealing of the porous layers in the coating. After CMP coating, the corrosion potential shifted by 173 mV, and the Icorr was reduced to almost half that of the MAO pre-treatment This significant improvement is due to the sealing of pores in the MAO-treated surface by the CMP coating. Alkali treatment is a simple chemical conversion coating method to produce a Mg(OH) layer on the surface by treating it with a suitable alkaline medium (Saxena and Raman, 2021).
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