Abstract
Type-C RNA viruses are believed to be etiologically associated with the vast majority of naturally occurring cancers of mouse (Gross, 1958; Huebner and Todaro, 1969). The viruses occur in vivo either spontaneously (Gross, 1953, 1958) or after exposure to radiation (Kaplan and Brown, 1952; Lieberman and Kaplan, 1959), chemical carcinogens (Igel et al., 1969; Huebner et al., 1971 a; Whitmire et al., 1971; Ball and McCarter, 1971), or biological substances and phenomena (Hellman and Fowler, 1971; Hirsch et al., 1972; Chen et al., 1972) in mice of diverse strains, including the high-leukemia-incidence inbred strains, such as the albino Ak and C58 black, low-leukemia-incidence, strains such as C57 black and C3H, and strains with intermediate incidence of leukemia, such as DBA/2 and BALB/c. Recent evidence suggests that most, if not all mice, regardless of sex, breed, or origin, contain viral genomes of mouse type-C RNA viruses in hidden or unexpressed forms, and that the virus can be activated both in vivo and in vitro by various induction techniques (Huebner and Todaro, 1969; Todaro and Huebner, 1972).
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