Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the emergence of 5G, traditional silicon-based electronics no longer fully meet market demands such as nonplanar application scenarios due to mechanical mismatch. This provides unprecedented opportunities for flexible electronics that bypass the physical rigidity through the introduction of flexible materials. In recent decades, biological materials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are considered some of the most promising candidates for next-generation flexible electronics, have received increasing attention, e.g., silk fibroin, cellulose, pectin, chitosan, and melanin. Among them, silk fibroin presents greater superiorities in biocompatibility and biodegradability, and moreover, it also possesses a variety of attractive properties, such as adjustable water solubility, remarkable optical transmittance, high mechanical robustness, light weight, and ease of processing, which are partially or even completely lacking in other biological materials. Therefore, silk fibroin has been widely used as fundamental components for the construction of biocompatible flexible electronics, particularly for wearable and implantable devices. Furthermore, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the investigation of the functional characteristics of silk fibroin, such as the dielectric properties, piezoelectric properties, strong ability to lose electrons, and sensitivity to environmental variables. Here, this paper not only reviews the preparation technologies for various forms of silk fibroin and the recent progress in the use of silk fibroin as a fundamental material but also focuses on the recent advanced works in which silk fibroin serves as functional components. Additionally, the challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronics are summarized.(1) This review focuses on silk fibroin serving as active functional components to construct flexible electronics. (2) Recent representative reports on flexible electronic devices that applied silk fibroin as fundamental supporting components are summarized. (3) This review summarizes the current typical silk fibroin-based materials and the corresponding advanced preparation technologies. (4) The current challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronic devices are analyzed.
Highlights
IntroductionWas attracted to the silk fiber via an electrostatic force, unlike the conventional integration methods of using adhesive intermediates
In the past decade, the rapid development of flexible electronics has been witnessed through the surge in the market and the emergence of diverse devices, including flexible sensors/actuators[1–4], flexible cells[5,6], flexible displays[7,8], electronic skins[9,10], flexible integrated microsystems[11,12], as well as the comprehensive coverage of application fields, involving information[13,14], energy[15,16], healthcare[17,18], and national defense[19,20]
Chitosan and melanin films have the characteristics of high mechanical strength and good processability; they are a good choice for preparing flexible natural biomaterials[39,40]
Summary
Was attracted to the silk fiber via an electrostatic force, unlike the conventional integration methods of using adhesive intermediates. An integrated circuit composed of silicon (Si), silicon dioxide (SiO2), magnesium (Mg), and magnesium oxide (MgO) was prepared on a silk film by transfer printing and physical vapor deposition to form a functional electronic device Among these components, the silk film was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the osmotic pressure and ion concentration of which match those of the human body. The implanted device could work normally before the silk film was dissolved, such as receiving wireless power transmission to generate heat for thermal therapy
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