Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, stable rice production is constrained by various diseases, in particular rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and virus diseases. Breeding and cultivation of resistant rice varieties is the most effective method to control the infection of pathogens. Exploitation and utilization of the genetic determinants of broad-spectrum resistance represent a desired way to improve the resistance of susceptible rice varieties. Recently, researchers have focused on the identification of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance genes, which include R genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) against two or more pathogen species or many isolates of the same pathogen species. The cloning of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms not only provide new genetic resources for breeding broad-spectrum rice varieties, but also promote the development of new disease resistance breeding strategies, such as editing susceptibility and executor R genes. In this review, the most recent advances in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement through biotechnology approaches during the past 10 years are summarized.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop, which is consumed by approximately 50% of the world’s population, with its consumption growing dramatically in many parts of the world
Stable rice production is constrained by various biotic stresses, including fungal blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, bakanae disease due to Fusarium fujikuroi, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), and virus diseases
This review focuses on the progress in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement during the past 10 years
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop, which is consumed by approximately 50% of the world’s population, with its consumption growing dramatically in many parts of the world. In addition to encouraging farmers to exercise good farming practices, application of pesticides remains one of the main methods of disease control, but the increase in costs and their harmful effects on the environment and operators cannot be discounted These make the farmers largely dependent on the cultivation of new resistant varieties, which is considered to be the most effective method so far. It is worth mentioning that many extremely important broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and their mechanisms and applications were reported 10 years ago. These works have been well summarized in several reviews and will not be highlighted here [1,2]. This review focuses on the progress in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement during the past 10 years
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