Abstract
Grains in the genus Fagopyrum have benefits to human health and are an excellent gluten-free raw material. Of all cereal foods, this genus has the highest total content of amino-acid nutrients necessary for humans; nutrients that are resistant to digestion (protein and starch) resulting in their sustained release; higher dietary fiber content than key cereals, and is rich in a special healthy ingredient (flavonoids). Fagopyrum includes 24 species of which five are perennial. Among them, golden buckwheat (F.cymosum complex) is the most important perennial buckwheat, which is not only used in Chinese medicine, but also has great potential in healthy food crop. In order to provide some clues for perennial crop studies and their industry development, this paper presents the state of perennial buckwheat research in terms of taxonomy; natural chemical products and pharmacological and health functions; genetics and evolution; breeding; and product development and utilization. The great advances such as successful interspecific crossing and its subsequent new perennial buckwheat varieties will speed up the development of the perennial buckwheat industry.
Highlights
Grains in the genus Fagopyrum are an excellent gluten-free raw material and contain a range of nutrients including bioactive carbohydrates, essential amino-acid, proteins, phytosterols, vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals
Buckwheat has a higher content of albumin protein and starches resistant to digestion, resulting in the sustained release of nutrients, which is very important for people with diabetes and other diseases
Agriculture based on perennial crops may provide a model with high output and with lower inputs [5]
Summary
Grains in the genus Fagopyrum are an excellent gluten-free raw material and contain a range of nutrients including bioactive carbohydrates, essential amino-acid, proteins, phytosterols, vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals. Buckwheat, compared to other cereals, has both the highest content and distribution of essential amino-acid for humans [1,2,3], resulting in balanced nutrition without excesses or deficiencies. Buckwheat has a higher content of albumin protein and starches resistant to digestion, resulting in the sustained release of nutrients, which is very important for people with diabetes and other diseases. Agriculture based on perennial crops may provide a model with high output and with lower inputs [5]. This paper will present the current state of perennial buckwheat development in China and may provide some clues for studies on other perennial food crops
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