Abstract
Enzymes immobilized onto substrates with excellent selectivity and activity show a high stability and can withstand extreme experimental conditions, and their performance has been shown to be retained after repeated uses. Applications of immobilized enzymes in various fields benefit from their unique characteristics. Common methods, including adsorption, encapsulation, covalent attachment and crosslinking, and other emerging approaches (e.g., MOFs) of enzyme immobilization have been developed mostly in recent years. In accordance with these immobilization methods, the present review elaborates the application of magnetic separable nanoparticles and functionalized SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous materials used in the immobilization of enzymes.
Highlights
Due to their excellent ability to boost the rate of chemical and biochemical reactions, enzymes have been widely used as catalysts in various fields, including but not limited to the textile industry, pharmaceutical industry, steal industry, animal feed, daily cosmetics, food industry, environmental governance and bioenergy utilization (Gurung et al, 2013; Jegannathan and Nielsen, 2013; Choi et al, 2015; Dwevedi, 2016; Escamilla-Alvarado et al, 2017)
We reviewed the application of enzyme immobilization by using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) over the past five years and found that organic polymer‐functionalized and mesoporous material‐functionalized MNPs are frequently used for enzyme immobilization (Table 1) (Bilal et al, 2018)
Silica‐coated nanocomposites provide a core‐shell structure to preserve the properties of the enzyme, whereas organic materials prevent the accumulation of immobilized enzyme, and in mesoporous materials, organosilane is introduced into the mesoporous matrix to increase the loading capacity and to prevent leaching
Summary
Due to their excellent ability to boost the rate of chemical and biochemical reactions, enzymes have been widely used as catalysts in various fields, including but not limited to the textile industry, pharmaceutical industry, steal industry, animal feed, daily cosmetics, food industry, environmental governance and bioenergy utilization (Gurung et al, 2013; Jegannathan and Nielsen, 2013; Choi et al, 2015; Dwevedi, 2016; Escamilla-Alvarado et al, 2017) Their extensive application in industrial production is demonstrated by a respectable averaged annual growth rate of 4.6% over the past decades (Datta et al, 2013). This review provides an update on the research on enzyme immobilization by MNPs and the functionalized mesoporous materials SBA-15 and MCM-41 in the last five years and discusses the changes in enzyme properties and the application of immobilization support materials
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