Abstract
Fiber lasers have promoted the development of scientific researches and technology applications for their excellent beam quality, high efficiency, compact structure, and high reliability. Ultra-short high-energy pulse fiber lasers can find important applications in the areas of optic communication, sensing, precision machining, material processing, ultra-fast diagnosis, biomedicine, and national defense. Consequently, how to increase the power and energy of the laser pulse, control and utilize the complex nonlinearity, and develop the key technologies for the applications of high-power, high-energy, and ultra-broadband all-fiber ultra-short pulse lasers become the important scientific issues for the exploration of new phenomena and schemes as well as the breakthrough of technical systems about fiber laser pulses. This article briefly reviews some key techniques and important progresses about mode-locked fiber lasers, discusses the merits and drawbacks of various fiber lasers and pulses, also introduces our research results in the past several years about how to improve the performance of fiber lasers and achieve novel kinds of pulses. We particularly discuss the typical behaviors of fiber lasers operating in different dispersion regimes, and demonstrate both experimentally and numerically the formation mechanisms, output features, and dynamic evolutions of conventional solitons as well as dissipative solitons. Moreover, several novel types of high-energy wave-breaking-free pulses are introduced. These results in the article may provide helpful theoretical and experimental fundamentals for the in-depth study of new high-energy pulses. Hopefully, our introductions and discussions can attract the researchers’ attentions to the exploration of new phenomena and mechanisms of ultra-short high-energy pulses based on novel mode-lockers, and bring the new understandings about nonlinear phenomenon of ultra-short high-energy pulses under extreme conditions.
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