Abstract
Many countries consider hydrogen as a promising energy source to resolve the energy challenges over the global climate change. However, the potential of hydrogen explosions remains a technical issue to embrace hydrogen as an alternate solution since the Hindenburg disaster occurred in 1937. To ascertain safe hydrogen energy systems including production, storage, and transportation, securing the knowledge concerning hydrogen flammability is essential. In this paper, we addressed a comprehensive review of the studies related to predicting hydrogen flammability by dividing them into three types: experimental, numerical, and analytical. While the earlier experimental studies had focused only on measuring limit concentration, recent studies clarified the extinction mechanism of a hydrogen flame. In numerical studies, the continued advances in computer performance enabled even multi-dimensional stretched flame analysis following one-dimensional planar flame analysis. The different extinction mechanisms depending on the Lewis number of each fuel type could be observed by these advanced simulations. Finally, historical attempts to predict the limit concentration by analytical modeling of flammability characteristics were discussed. Developing an accurate model to predict the flammability limit of various hydrogen mixtures is our remaining issue.
Highlights
The European Union (EU) is committed to constructing a decarbonized energy system
The different extinction mechanisms depending on the Lewis number of each fuel type could be observed by these advanced simulations
Experimental results Experimental showed that lower flammability limit (LFL) of Hshowed mixtures by Le Chatelier
Summary
The European Union (EU) is committed to constructing a decarbonized energy system. Many experts predict that the conventional energy generation, distribution, and storage system in the EU will be radically transformed [1]. They expected the growth of hydrogen energy generation to approximately reach 2250 TWh in Europe by 2050. This amount is roughly a quarter of the EU’s total energy demand [1]. The South Korean government developed a hydrogen energy roadmap of supplying 630,000 fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and installing 520 hydrogen stations by 2030 [2]
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