Abstract
Bio-based composites are reinforced polymeric materials in which one of the matrix and reinforcement components or both are from bio-based origins. The biocomposite industry has recently drawn great attention for diverse applications, from household articles to automobiles. This is owing to their low cost, biodegradability, being lightweight, availability, and environmental concerns over synthetic and nonrenewable materials derived from limited resources like fossil fuel. The focus has slowly shifted from traditional biocomposite systems, including thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibers, to more advanced systems called hybrid biocomposites. Hybridization of bio-based fibers/matrices and synthetic ones offers a new strategy to overcome the shortcomings of purely natural fibers or matrices. By incorporating two or more reinforcement types into a single composite, it is possible to not only maintain the advantages of both types but also alleviate some disadvantages of one type of reinforcement by another one. This approach leads to improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of biocomposites for extensive applications. The present review article intends to provide a general overview of selecting the materials to manufacture hybrid biocomposite systems with improved strength properties, water, and burning resistance in recent years.
Highlights
Nowadays, global environmental safety, ecological concerns, recyclability, eco-efficiency, and economic factors are fundamental driving forces to increase the employment of bio-based materials [1,2].The EU Bioeconomy Strategy [3] is one of the developed plans or policies to accelerate the UN SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs)
Since most of the conventional epoxy resins are strongly dependent on fossil sources and their raw materials are hazardous for human health and the environment (such as diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)), a significant amount of research is dedicated to finding more environmentally friendly epoxies [131,132]
Mechanical properties of hybrid biocomposites may depend on various features such as reinforcements and matrix mechanical properties, reinforcements dispersion and distribution, reinforcements volume fractions and aspect ratio, interfacial adhesion between polymer and reinforcements, loading and test conditions, fibers dimension and orientation, as well as surface modification [16,152,153,154,155,156]
Summary
Global environmental safety, ecological concerns, recyclability, eco-efficiency, and economic factors are fundamental driving forces to increase the employment of bio-based materials [1,2]. This strategy focuses on shifting from fossil resources to renewable raw materials and on recycling renewable bio-based raw materials and innovating in the production and consumption of materials [3]. In this regard, biocomposites are among the potential sectors for the bioeconomy. Blending of two orwith more produce has become an effective way to become manipulate biocomposites with one hybrid or morecomposites fibers that materials produce hybrid composites materials has an effective way to properties maintain theproperties balance among ecology-economy-technology. The present of 46 reviews the recent progress of hybrid biocomposites in improving 3their mechanical properties, water, and burning resistance
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