Abstract
Graphene has shown the world its fascinating properties, including high specific surface area, high conductivity, and extraordinary mechanical properties, which enable graphene to be a competent candidate for electrode materials. However, some challenges remain in the real applications of graphene-based electrodes, such as continuous preparation of graphene fibers with highly ordered graphene sheets as well as strong interlayer interactions. The combination of graphene with other materials or functional guests hence appears as a more promising pathway via post-treatment and in situ hybridism to produce composite fibers. This article firstly provides a full account of the classification of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes, including carbon allotropy, conductive polymer, metal oxide and other two-dimensional (2D) materials. The preparation methods of graphene-based composite fibers are then discussed in detail. The context further demonstrates the performance optimization of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes, involving microstructure design and surface modification, followed by the elaboration of the application of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes in supercapacitors. Finally, we present the remaining challenges that exist to date in order to provide meaningful guidelines in the development process and prospects of graphene-based composite fiber electrodes.
Highlights
Stretchable and flexible electronics have gained tremendous attention and indicated a mainstream direction in modern electronics
Dispersions were mixed with graphene oxide (GO) to produce composite fiber electrodes, as shown in Figure 1a, and the stacked graphene sheets were successfully aligned to the axis of the fiber (Figure 1b)
In addition to the electrical double-layer capacitance contributed by graphene fibers and faradaic pseudo-capacitance offered by PANI, the mesopores resulted from the interconnected PANInanorods further facilitated the solvated ions’ transport from the electrolyte into electrodes, endowing the as-assembled twisted fiber supercapacitors with a volumetric capacitance of 357.1 mF/cm2 and energy density of 5.7 mWh/cm3 or
Summary
Stretchable and flexible electronics have gained tremendous attention and indicated a mainstream direction in modern electronics. Unlike insulated polymer fibers and heavy metal wires, fiber electrodes based on carbon nanomaterial, such as graphene and CNT, show advantages of high electrical conductivity, light weight, impressive flexibility and mechanical strength, as well as excellent chemical stability, making them optimal candidate materials for fiber electrodes of supercapacitors [19,20,21]. GO can be transformed back into rGO, with partial restoration of the graphitic structure accomplished by chemical or thermal reduction [44] Both the electrical conductivity and mechanical stiffness/strength are improved, which are favorable for the design of graphene-based fiber electrodes. Existing challenges and future prospects are presented toward improving the energy storage performance of graphene-based composite fiber supercapacitors and accelerating their applications on the wearable electronics
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