Abstract
Radiative cooling is a well-researched area. For many years, surfaces relying on radiative cooling failed to exhibit a sub-ambient surface temperature under the sun because of the limited reflectance in the solar spectrum and the reduced absorptivity in the atmospheric window. The recent impressive developments in photonic nanoscience permitted to produce photonic structures exhibiting surface temperatures much below the ambient temperature. This paper aims to present and analyze the main recent achievements concerning daytime radiative cooling technologies. While the conventional radiative systems are briefly presented, the emphasis is given on the various photonic radiative structures and mainly the planar thin film radiators, metamaterials, 2 and 3D photonic structures, polymeric photonic technologies, and passive radiators under the form of a paint. The composition of each structure, as well as its experimental or simulated thermal performance, is reported in detail. The main limitations and constraints of the photonic radiative systems, the proposed technological solutions, and the prospects are presented and discussed.
Highlights
Global and local climate change increase the ambient temperature and the frequency, duration, and magnitude of extreme heat events [1]
This article aims to present the recent developments in the field of daytime radiative cooling, the various developed surface technologies, their main advantages and drawbacks, and their potential to provide cooling in the built environment
The structure presents an emissivity in the atmospheric window close to 99%, while calculations estimate that the radiator may succeed to achieve 9 ◦ C below the close to 99%, while calculations estimate that the radiator may succeed to achieve 9 °C below the ambient temperature during the daytime
Summary
Global and local climate change increase the ambient temperature and the frequency, duration, and magnitude of extreme heat events [1]. Overheating of the indoor and outdoor built environment has a severe impact on thermal comfort, human health, energy consumption for cooling, peak electricity demand, and the local and global economy [2]. Air conditioning of indoor spaces and mitigation of the outdoor ambient heat are among the most common and acceptable ways to counteract overheating in the built environment. 1.24 PWh per year was consumed for cooling purposes [4]. This corresponds to about 3.9% of the total energy consumption of the sector [4]. Residential buildings consume around 0.68 PWh/year or 2.9%
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