Abstract
The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with its great advances in the cost-efficient fabrication process and high-power conversion efficiency have outperformed a range of traditional photovoltaic technologies such as multi-crystal Si and CIGS. Meanwhile, the undesirable operational stability of perovskite solar cell lags its commercialization where perovskite solar cells suffer a lattice degradation and lost the capability of energy harvesting when encountering the crucial environmental factors such as high moisture and strong irradiation. Accordingly, improving the operational stability becomes one of the decisive factors to govern the next wave advancement of the perovskite solar cells. Among a plethora of reported strategies to improve the stability, building a multidimensional (2D/3D) heterojunction perovskite as the light-harvesting layer has recently become one of the most credible approaches to stabilize the PSCs without sacrificing of photovoltaic performance. In this mini-review, the recent progress in 2D/3D multidimensional PSCs has been elaborately reviewed. Detailed information including the long-chain cation materials, development of fabrication process, charge carrier dynamics, optoelectronic properties, and their impact on the photovoltaic performances has been systematically discussed. Finally, some of the further challenges are highlighted while outlining the perspectives of multidimensional 2D/3D perovskites for stable and high-performance PSCs.
Highlights
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite materials have shown lots of promising optoelectronic properties including high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy and high defect tolerance (Yan et al, 2018; Kim et al, 2020)
The introduction of longchain hydrophobic organic cations based two-dimensional (2D) perovskites is one potential strategy for the stability improvement specified as 2D/3D multidimensional heterojunction perovskites, 2D/3D Multidimensional Perovskite Solar Cells which secures the long-term stability and high performance simultaneously (Zhang et al, 2018; Krishna et al, 2019)
It is very essential to optimize the composition and orientation of the 2D/3D multidimensional perovskites and to combine the 2D perovskite with great moisture tolerances and 3D perovskite with distinct charge carrier dynamics to achieve the facile manipulation in the advanced PSCs
Summary
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite materials have shown lots of promising optoelectronic properties including high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy and high defect tolerance (Yan et al, 2018; Kim et al, 2020). The (PEA)2(MA)2 [Pb3I10] based device displayed a high Voc of 1.18 V but a low PCE of 4.73% This 2D/3D mixed perovskite film exhibited good long-term stability against moisture over 46 days of air exposure with relative humidity (RH) of 52%, while MAPbI3 was completely decomposed under the same condition. In the work of White et al, a novel design of a double-sided passivation approach is presented where thin surface layers of the bulky organic cation (n-butylammonium iodide) based halide compound forming 2D layered perovskite at both the top and bottom of the 3D perovskite films (Mahmud et al, 2020). Efficient (22.77%) 2D/3D/2D perovskite-based devices with a remarkable Voc of 1.2 V is reported for a perovskite film possessing an optical bandgap of approximately 1.6 eV Both 2D layers effectively passivate interfacial defects and suppresses the interfacial carrier recombination at both the interfaces of perovskites/HTL and perovskites/ETL.
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