Abstract
The development of the surgery of the thorax has been slower than that of any other field. Although operations for drainage in cases of empyema were carried out by the ancients, it is only in very modern times that any extensive surgical procedures have been undertaken within the thorax. The newness and the present undeveloped state of the surgery of this region are reflected not only in the high mortality of some of the procedures, but also in the lack of any sort of uniform agreement as to what constitute operative indications in many of the conditions. Thoracic surgery is now passing through the period of high mortality and indifferent results which characterized the field of abdominal surgery twenty-five years ago, and of the surgery of the brain even more recently. In the future it will unquestionably be made safer by a better understanding of the physiology and pathology involved,
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