Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted due to the bite of Culex mosquito species and leads to severe viral encephalopathy. JEV’s basic structure is comprised of a positive single-stranded virus that causes a corona of clinical and neurological manifestations. Different live and killed prophylactic vaccines are available as prophylaxis against JEV. Yet, no single chemical entity as an antiviral agent is available to counteract the JEV menace. Despite the breakthrough development in vaccines, JEV is a paramount virus in suburban and rural areas of South Asia and the western pacific with a prospective to become a dominant vector worldwide. So, the population residing in this area is affected by irregular health services that devoid them from vaccination drive against JEV virus. This review outline’s structural and neuro-penetration events of JEV, current treatment modalities with challenges associated with it and latest treatment sophistications, and the application of advanced pharmaceutical techniques in diagnosis, treatment and recent trends in diagnostics like ELISA, RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence based and molecular based assays, therapeutic (both synthetic and natural origin antivirals) and clinical interventions with vaccines and immunomodulatory agents are discussed in this review.
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