Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancers in developed countries. Many of the mechanisms involved in its initiation and progression remain unclear. Analysis providing comprehensive data on the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome could help in selecting molecular markers and targets in endometrial cancer. Multiomics approaches can reveal disturbances in multiple biological systems, giving a broader picture of the problem. However, they provide a large amount of data that require processing and further integration prior to analysis. There are several repositories of multiomics datasets, including endometrial cancer data, as well as portals allowing multiomics data analysis and visualization, including Oncomine, UALCAN, LinkedOmics, and miRDB. Multiomics approaches have also been applied in endometrial cancer research in order to identify novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets. This review describes in detail the latest findings on multiomics approaches in endometrial cancer.
Highlights
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries
Wan et al performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis that showed a wide range of processes and signaling pathways associated with homeobox B9 (HOXB9), which included regulation of cell cycle, metabolism, or P53 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [51]
Almost 20,000 genes were correlated with prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) expression in endometrial cancer, and according to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and GO term analysis, they were mainly associated with immunological processes, including regulation of the inflammatory response, leukocyte activation, or adaptive immune response
Summary
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. According to the recommendations for the management of patients with EC by the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP), a fifth group can be distinguished, which is a combination of markers from the previous groups [5] This classification has a strong prognostic value in high-risk endometrial cancer where adjuvant therapies are recommended. Epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are the subject of numerous studies as they provide information on gene and protein expression and the mechanisms involved in their regulation They may allow a better understanding of the phenomena in the course of cancer, the molecular structure of the tumor microenvironment, and the selection of new markers and therapeutic targets [8]. We will present the latest findings on the multiomics approaches in endometrial cancer
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