Abstract

Knowledge about the natural history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a preclinical phase, modifiable risk factors, an effective and simple screening tool to identify high-risk subjects and effective intervention that is affordable and acceptable are necessary. In addition, the efficacy of the intervention has to be proven in a clinical trial setting. Such proof for lifestyle prevention of T2D from randomised clinical trials has accumulated as several major lifestyle intervention trials have been successfully carried out. The results are consistent: the risk of T2D in high-risk subjects can be halved; the effect of lifestyle changes is rapid; the magnitude of lifestyle changes required to achieve a significant risk reduction does not have to be drastic, and benefits are similar in different ethnic groups.

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