Abstract
The unprecedented development of perovskite-silicon (PSC-Si) tandem solar cells in the last five years has been hindered by several challenges towards industrialization, which require further research. The combination of the low cost of perovskite and legacy silicon solar cells serve as primary drivers for PSC-Si tandem solar cell improvement. For the perovskite top-cell, the utmost concern reported in the literature is perovskite instability. Hence, proposed physical loss mechanisms for intrinsic and extrinsic instability as triggering mechanisms for hysteresis, ion segregation, and trap states, along with the latest proposed mitigation strategies in terms of stability engineering, are discussed. The silicon bottom cell, being a mature technology, is currently facing bottleneck challenges to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) greater than 26.7%, which requires more understanding in the context of light management and passivation technologies. Finally, for large-scale industrialization of the PSC-Si tandem solar cell, the promising silicon wafer thinning, and large-scale film deposition technologies could cause a shift and align with a more affordable and flexible roll-to-roll PSC-Si technology. Therefore, this review aims to provide deliberate guidance on critical fundamental issues and configuration factors in current PSC-Si tandem technologies towards large-scale industrialization. to meet the 2031 PSC-Si Tandem road maps market target.
Highlights
IntroductionPandemic has further highlighted the demand for renewable energy—Especially in the solar cell market—Due to the unreliability of oil as a constant source of income which may hinder the renewable energy resource market [1,2]
Low-cost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) materials are immensely required as a source of renewable energy to overcome our dependency on fossil fuels in the context of minimizing global carbon footprint
The need for tandem solar cells stems from the single-junction solar cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) intrinsic thermodynamics (Shockley-Queisser) limitation [4]
Summary
Pandemic has further highlighted the demand for renewable energy—Especially in the solar cell market—Due to the unreliability of oil as a constant source of income which may hinder the renewable energy resource market [1,2]. Low-cost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) materials are immensely required as a source of renewable energy to overcome our dependency on fossil fuels in the context of minimizing global carbon footprint. To economically compete with other clean energy resources, the cost of the PV module must be offset by highly efficient power output and operation cycle prolongation [3]. The need for tandem solar cells stems from the single-junction solar cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) intrinsic thermodynamics (Shockley-Queisser) limitation (i.e., around 29% in visible light range for the silicon) [4]. The state-of-the-art silicon solar cell technology is still struggling
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