Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology provides alternative approaches to overcome several limitations of conventional anti-cancer therapy. Drug targeting using functionalized nanoparticles to advance their transport to the dedicated site, became a new standard in novel anti-cancer methods. In effect, the employment of nanoparticles during design of antineoplastic drugs helps to improve pharmacokinetic properties, with subsequent development of high specific, non-toxic and biocompatible anti-cancer agents. However, the physicochemical and biological diversity of nanomaterials and a broad spectrum of unique features influencing their biological action requires continuous research to assess their activity. Among numerous nanosystems designed to eradicate cancer cells, only a limited number of them entered the clinical trials. It is anticipated that progress in development of nanotechnology-based anti-cancer materials will provide modern, individualized anti-cancer therapies assuring decrease in morbidity and mortality from cancer diseases. In this review we discussed the implication of nanomaterials in design of new drugs for effective antineoplastic therapy and describe a variety of mechanisms and challenges for selective tumor targeting. We emphasized the recent advantages in the field of nanotechnology-based strategies to fight cancer and discussed their part in effective anti-cancer therapy and successful drug delivery.
Highlights
Despite the continuous improvement of cancer fighting strategies, malignancies are one of the leading causes of death worldwide
We summarize the potential of nanotechnology in modern therapy of cancer diseases and highlight the recent advantages in this field
According to studies performed by Kirpotin et al the engagement of immunoliposomes significantly improves intracellular uptake of nano-drug, without considerable effect on tumor localization [50]
Summary
Despite the continuous improvement of cancer fighting strategies, malignancies are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. A significant restriction in passive drug strategy is small and insufficient accumulation of drugs in target cancer tissues It was reported, that transport of anti-cancer agents via EPR effect results in internalization into cancer cells only a small part of the injected dose [43]. That transport of anti-cancer agents via EPR effect results in internalization into cancer cells only a small part of the injected dose [43] In response to this limitation, active drug targeting strategy has been developed (Fig. 2). The biological activity of enzymes results in cleavage of enzyme-responsive linkers and release of payload drugs to the target site Studies performed both with breast cancer MCF-7 cells (HLE protein-positive) and primate fibroblastoma HT1080 cells (expressing MMP-2) confirmed that this formulation possess the potential for specific DDS due to controlled siRNA release. Van Rijt et al synthetized avidin-capped MSNs functionalized
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