Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles have drawn considerable attention due to of their significant biological activities. The marine fungi residing in extreme environments are among the richest sources of these basic nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites. As one of the most well-known universal groups of filamentous fungi, marine-derived Aspergillus species produce a large number of structurally unique heterocyclic alkaloids. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the structural diversity and biological activities of heterocyclic alkaloids that are produced by marine-derived Aspergillus species. Herein, a total of 130 such structures that were reported from the beginning of 2014 through the end of 2018 are included, and 75 references are cited in this review, which will benefit future drug development and innovation.
Highlights
Heterocyclic alkaloids are one of the most challenging natural product classes to characterize, because of their structurally unique skeletons that arise from distinct amino acids, and because of their potential bioactivities
Fungi living in the extreme environments that are typical of marine ecosystems are very sensitive to culture media and are more liable to produce novel metabolites than fungi living in less extreme environments
This mini-review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the structural diversity and biological activities of the nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites that are produced by marine-derived Aspergillus species
Summary
Heterocyclic alkaloids are one of the most challenging natural product classes to characterize, because of their structurally unique skeletons that arise from distinct amino acids, and because of their potential bioactivities. The present work was preliminarily planned in April 2019, and the studies that were published or being submitted in the current year might not be accurately indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database; the timespan of the literature search was from 2014 to 2018 With this approach, 166 records were identified and were considered to cover most of the related studies. After retrieving the records that were related to the field of natural product chemistry, 123 original articles were indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database over a period of five years (from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2018) During this period, 398 naturally occurring compounds were isolated and characterized from marine-derived Aspergillus species. This critical review focuses on the structural diversity, biological activities, and sources of these newly reported heterocyclic alkaloids
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