Abstract
Photoinitiators (PI) or photoinitiating systems (PIS) usable in light induced cationic polymerization (CP) and free radical promoted cationic polymerization (FRPCP) reactions (more specifically for cationic ring opening polymerization (ROP)) together with the involved mechanisms are briefly reviewed. The recent developments of novel two- and three-component PISs for CP and FRPCP upon exposure to low intensity blue to red lights is emphasized in details. Examples of such reactions under various experimental conditions are provided.
Highlights
Ring opening polymerization (ROP) reactions are very well known in macromolecular science
Monochromatic laser diode arrays as well as the use of sunlight or low intensity household devices delivering visible lights allow new opportunities of applications. Both the relatively small number of originally available cationic PIs and the difficulty to find efficient photosensitizers (PSs) have forced Cationic polymerization (CP) to mostly operate under UV lights for a long time, even though some interesting novel PIs or PS/PI couples already ensured long wavelength sensitivity
This paper shows that CP and free radical promoted cationic polymerization (FRPCP) of cyclic monomers can be triggered at any wavelengths, under air, even under low light intensity sources (LEDs, household lamps...), using more or less viscous monomer formulations, in the presence of novel photoinitiating systems
Summary
Ring opening polymerization (ROP) reactions are very well known in macromolecular science (see e.g., in [1,2]). The recent design of high intensity quasi-monochromatic LED or monochromatic laser diode arrays as well as the use of sunlight (in sunlight-assisted processes: no irradiation device, possibility of curing large dimension pieces or surfaces) or low intensity household devices delivering visible lights (no UV rays, no Hg lamps, no ozone release) allow new opportunities of applications. Both the relatively small number of originally available cationic PIs and the difficulty to find efficient photosensitizers (PSs) have forced CP to mostly operate under UV lights for a long time, even though some interesting novel PIs or PS/PI couples already ensured long wavelength sensitivity (see below).
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