Abstract
A rise in the population has immensely increased the pressure on the agriculture sector. With the advent of technology, this decade is witnessing a shift from conventional approaches to the most advanced ones. The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed both the quality and quantity of the agriculture sector. Hybridization of species along with the real-time monitoring of the farms paved a way for resource optimization. Scientists, research institutions, academicians, and most nations across the globe are moving towards the practice and execution of collaborative projects to explore the horizon of this field for serving mankind. The tech industry is racing to provide more optimal solutions. Inclusion of IoT, along with cloud computing, big data analytics, and wireless sensor networks can provide sufficient scope to predict, process, and analyze the situations and improve the activities in the real-time scenario. The concept of heterogeneity and interoperability of the devices by providing flexible, scalable, and durable methods, models are also opening new domains in this field. Therefore, this paper contributes towards the recent IoT technologies in the agriculture sector, along with the development of hardware and software systems. The public and private sector projects and startup’s started all over the globe to provide smart and sustainable solutions in precision agriculture are also discussed. The current scenario, applications, research potential, limitations, and future aspects are briefly discussed. Based on the concepts of IoT a precision farming framework is also proposed in this article.
Highlights
The term ‘Agriculture’ is inferred from the Latin words ‘Ager’ means ‘Land’ and ‘Culture’ means ‘Cultivation’
TO THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) CONCEPTS AND THEORIES Inspired from the technology of the internet to connect the whole world, the Internet of Things constitutes of things possessing unique identities and are connected to the internet
From the literature and studies, it can be seen that immense contribution has made by IoT in the field of agriculture starting from micro areas and moving over to macro environments
Summary
The term ‘Agriculture’ is inferred from the Latin words ‘Ager’ means ‘Land’ and ‘Culture’ means ‘Cultivation’ It is the milestone field of human civilization and is one of the benchmark areas. The layered architecture includes all the hardware devices, facilities, equipment, internet, communication technologies, protocols, and data analytic algorithms. How the layers work along with each other is described below: Perception Layer: called physical or the device layer, this layer lies at the bottom of the architecture and constitutes of sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, gateways, routers, switches, hubs, etc. The main role of this layer is, how efficiently the sensing devices and the other equipment’s can work together to gather data. The topology in which the devices are placed plays a major role in power consumption and efficient data collection in this layer
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