Abstract
Palladium cross-coupling reactions: Heck, Sonogashira, Tsuji-Trost, Suzuki, Stille as well as protecting group chemistry in aqueous media are presented. The excellent compatibility of water-soluble palladium catalysts offer new opportunities (mild conditions, new selectivity). In most of the reaction catalyzed by palladium in water described in this review, careful selection of reaction conditions, co-solvents and catalysts, is very important for long life catalyst and new selectivities. The palladium catalyzed reactions with water-soluble phosphines (e.g. sulfonated phosphines) provide advantages of the two phase aqueous system: easy separation of the products and recycling the expensive palladium. This technique has increased the potential of modern palladium catalysis.
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