Recent Developments of Foamed Polymer/Layered Silicates Nanocomposites

Abstract

In this chapter, recent developments in the area of foamed polymer/layered silicates nanocomposites have been presented. Polymer nanocomposite foams are a new class of materials for lightweight and high strength applications which show higher heat and fire resistance. In recent years, substantial efforts were undertaken to develop novel nanocomposite foams based on thermoplastic or thermoset polymer matrixes and using layered silicates. For polymer foams, the use of layered silicates may cause an increase in cell nucleation rate, provide foam reinforcement, and result in char formation during flame action. Clay nanoparticles may help to control foam’s structure and morphology, as they serve as nucleation sites to facilitate the bubble formation process. Synthesis of foamed polymers, different foamed polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites, including polyurethane- polyolefin-, polystyrene-, polyamide and poly(lactic acid)-based nanostructured materials with layered silicates, and bubble nucleation effects in foamed polymer nanocomposites are discussed. Special attention was focused on the flammability resistance effect of nanoparticles in foamed matrix which is based on the flame barrier mechanism involving formation of a high-performance carbonaceous silicate char yielding insulating action.