Abstract
This chapter outlines the constellation out of which this new development arose. A few rather puzzling examples may help to clarify the author's point. In the short preface to their sociological textbook, Soziologie, Arnold Gehlen and Helmut Schelsky wonder how to deal with sociological theory. A similar view is often advocated by the opponents of empirical sociological research, for example in their criticism of American sociology. The general view appears to be that American sociology lives in a theoretical void and attempts to develop its concepts by an endless accumulation of empirical data. The proponents of a theory of society may be quite satisfied that the evidence of their research work — that the causes of anti-Semitism and of prejudice are frequently found in an authoritarian personality — propels people to immediate educational or political action against authoritarianism of any kind. Sociological theory, by contrast, cannot rest satisfied with such a result, however desirable it may inherently be.
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