Abstract
[Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ as the light switches of the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) molecule have attracted much attention and have become a powerful tool for exploring the structure of the DNA helix. Their interactions have been intensively studied because of the excellent photophysical and photochemical properties of ruthenium compounds. In this perspective, this review describes the recent developments in the interactions of these two classic intercalated compounds with a DNA helix. The mechanism of the molecular light switch effect and the selectivity of these two compounds to different forms of a DNA helix has been discussed. In addition, the specific binding modes between them have been discussed in detail, for a better understanding the mechanism of the light switch and the luminescence difference. Finally, recent studies of single molecule force spectroscopy have also been included so as to precisely interpret the kinetics, equilibrium constants, and the energy landscape during the process of the dynamic assembly of ligands into a single DNA helix.
Highlights
Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a very long, thread-like macromolecule built from a large number of dexoyribonucleotides, composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphate groups [1].The bases of DNA molecules carry genetic information, whereas their sugars and phosphate groups perform the structural role
(dsDNA), and of the complex into the DNA strand was not the key to the molecular light switch; the dinuclear reported that the intercalation of the into thecan strand notphotoluminescence the key to the molecular ruthenium complex bound with thecomplex
To enlighten the of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-2 state, which accessible and had notably of low luminescence quantum yield as global understanding of thebecame molecular light switch, theabinding the ruthenium compounds to the a result of a rapid non-radiative decay pathway
Summary
Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a very long, thread-like macromolecule built from a large number of dexoyribonucleotides, composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphate groups [1]. The bases of DNA molecules carry genetic information, whereas their sugars and phosphate groups perform the structural role. All living cells on earth, without any known exception, store their hereditary information in the universal language of DNA sequences. These monomers string together in a long linear sequence that encodes the genetic information. Since after the introduction of the DNA double helix (B-DNA) by Watson et al, non-classic DNA structures, such as right-handed double helix with a shorter and more compact helical structure (A-DNA), left-handed double helical structure with a zigzag pattern (Z-DNA), DNA hairpins, triplex, DNA bulges, G-quadruplex, and. C-quadruplex (I-motif), have sprung up (Figure 1) [2,3,4,5].
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