Abstract
Τhe ligninolytic enzyme laccase has proved its potential for environmental applications. However, there is no documented industrial application of free laccase due to low stability, poor reusability, and high costs. Immobilization has been considered as a powerful technique to enhance laccase’s industrial potential. In this technology, appropriate support selection for laccase immobilization is a crucial step since the support could broadly affect the properties of the resulting catalyst system. Through the last decades, a large variety of inorganic, organic, and composite materials have been used in laccase immobilization. Among them, carbon-based materials have been explored as a support candidate for immobilization, due to their properties such as high porosity, high surface area, the existence of functional groups, and their highly aromatic structure. Carbon-based materials have also been used in culture media as supports, sources of nutrients, and inducers, for laccase production. This study aims to review the recent trends in laccase production, immobilization techniques, and essential support properties for enzyme immobilization. More specifically, this review analyzes and presents the significant benefits of carbon-based materials for their key role in laccase production and immobilization.
Highlights
Water is one of the fundamental resources on which all life on earth is anchored
Non-regulated micropollutants termed emerging contaminants (ECs) such as pharmaceuticals and Laccase Immobilization on Carbonaceous Supports personal care products, certain pesticides, food additives and synthetic hormones constitute a major challenge to existing water treatment methods (Taheran et al, 2018)
The extent of laccase immobilization on these solid supports depends upon their properties such as chemical composition, surface area and functional groups on the surface (Zdarta et al, 2018a)
Summary
Water is one of the fundamental resources on which all life on earth is anchored. Over the past few decades, concerns regarding the shortage in freshwater supply and its effect on the sustainability of human societies have increased (Rathi et al, 2021). Laccase immobilization over solid supports could crucially increase stability and enable its reuse (Zhang et al, 2021) which, in turn, can contribute to cost reduction of the overall process.
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