Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
Highlights
Since the invention of epoxy resin (EP) in the 1930s, significant progress has been achieved in EP which can satisfy different requirements in practical applications
A new phosphorus-containing polyphosphate flame retardant (PFR) was synthesized by Carja [67] et al and they prepared a series of polyphosphateflame flame retardant-epoxy retardant-epoxy resin (PFR-EP) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) composites (Figure 2)
EP, the thermal stability of MoS2 /GNS/EP composites with 2.0 wt.% MoS2 /GNS mass fraction was significantly improved, initial decomposition temperature increased by 53 ◦ C; peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 45.8% and 25.3% respectively, and the TSR was reduced by 30.5%
Summary
Since the invention of epoxy resin (EP) in the 1930s, significant progress has been achieved in EP which can satisfy different requirements in practical applications. Common flame retardants are based on halogen [16,17], organophosphorus [18,19,20], intumescent effect [21,22,23], silicon-containing compounds [24,25], nanocomposites [26,27] and metal-containing compounds [28,29], etc. Materials 2020, 13, 2145 long-distance migration ability, and high biological toxicity [30] This poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, and limits the application of halogen flame retardants [31]. This review focuses on recent advances of a few popular flame-retardant systems for EP, including phosphorus flame retardant, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, nanocomposites and metal-containing compounds. We believe this review could provide a timely progress report on the flame retardants for EP and benefit junior researchers in this field
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