Abstract
Trace detection of explosives has been an ongoing challenge for decades and has become one of several critical problems in defense science; public safety; and global counter-terrorism. As a result, there is a growing interest in employing a wide variety of approaches to detect trace explosive residues. Spectroscopy-based techniques play an irreplaceable role for the detection of energetic substances due to the advantages of rapid, automatic, and non-contact. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the advances made over the past few years in the fields of the applications of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy; and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for trace explosives detection. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of various spectroscopy-based detection techniques are summarized. Finally, the future development for the detection of explosives is discussed.
Highlights
Explosives and their related substances are widely used in many military conflicts and for varying civil applications, resulting in different explosives that have been synthesized and manufactured [1].Figure 1 shows the classifications of the most commonly used explosives.In recent years, the detection of different kinds of energetic materials has become a high priority problem for anti-terrorism reasons [2,3]
The purpose of this review is to summarize the applications of terahertz spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ion mobility spectroscopy for the detection of explosives, and summarize future trends in their development
The results showed that the characteristic peaks could be found at 1.7 THz and 3.1 THz
Summary
The detection of different kinds of energetic materials has become a high priority problem for anti-terrorism reasons [2,3]. Law enforcement forces of different countries around the world need to promote the development of effective detection systems to deal with the problem of concealment of explosives in public places such as airports, railways, or bus stations. Water contamination, soil pollution, and health problems caused by explosive explosions should be taken into account. Based on these reasons, people need to develop faster and more sensitive explosives analysis methods [6,7]
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