Abstract
Identification and rapid characterization of novel supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is a critical need, driven by shortfalls in conventional SCMs. In this study, we present a discussion of recently developed reactivity tests – the R3 test, the modified R3 test, the lime strength test, and the bulk resistivity index test. These tests measure reactivity parameters such as heat release, bound water, calcium hydroxide consumption, strength, and bulk resistivity. All tests can screen inert from reactive materials. To additionally differentiate pozzolanic and latent hydraulic materials, two parameters, for example, calcium hydroxide consumption and heat release, are needed. The influences of SCM bulk chemistry, amorphous content, and fineness on measured reactivity are outlined. Reactivity test outputs can predict strength and durability of cement paste/mortar/concrete; however, caution must be exercised as these properties are influenced by a variety of other factors independent of reactivity. Thoughts are provided on using reactivity tests to screen materials for concrete durability.
Highlights
More than 5 billion tons of cement and 15 billion tons of concrete are produced annually [1,2] and substantial increases in these numbers are anticipated over the 30 years [1]
supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have long been used in concrete for the benefits they provide to concrete durability [3]
The test differentiates inert and reactive SCMs, and differentiation between pozzolanic and latent hydraulic materials could be achieved by using an additional measure of calcium hydroxide consumption [16]
Summary
More than 5 billion tons of cement and 15 billion tons of concrete are produced annually [1,2] and substantial increases in these numbers are anticipated over the 30 years [1]. The test differentiates inert and reactive SCMs, and differentiation between pozzolanic and latent hydraulic materials could be achieved by using an additional measure of calcium hydroxide consumption [16]. By using both heat release and calcium hydroxide consumption, this test differentiates inert, pozzolanic, and latent hydraulic materials.
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