Abstract
The production of hydrogen to be used as an alternative renewable energy has been widely explored. Among various methods for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons, methane decomposition is suitable for generating hydrogen with zero greenhouse gas emissions. The use of high temperatures as a result of strong carbon and hydrogen (C–H) bonds may be reduced by utilizing a suitable catalyst with appropriate catalyst support. Catalysts based on transition metals are preferable in terms of their activeness, handling, and low cost in comparison with noble metals. Further development of catalysts in methane decomposition has been investigated. In this review, the recent progress on methane decomposition in terms of catalytic materials, preparation method, the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and their performance in methane decomposition were presented. The formation of carbon as part of the reaction was also discussed.Graphic abstract
Highlights
The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has intensified global warming
This study provides an overview of hydrogen production via methane decomposition over heterogeneous catalysts
The results showed that a high methane conversion (48%) is achieved by Ni/Al2O3, whereas a carbon black catalyst experiences a slight decrease in the initial methane conversion (34%) possibly because of the loss in surface functionalities of carbon black during the initial reaction stage
Summary
The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has intensified global warming. The continuous usage of fossil fuels has caused severe environmental pollution leading to research and development of alternative resources to overcome this problem for a cleaner environment [1,2,3]. Catalyst support with a high surface area likely leads to a strong metal support interaction by providing an enhanced dispersion of metal active sites on the surface of a supporting catalyst, increasing the catalytic activity [40, 41] Metal oxides, such as A l2O3, SiO2, MgO, CeO2, and TiO2, are frequently used as catalyst supports in methane decomposition [51, 73, 84, 94, 103,104,105,106]. The results showed that the contact between metal particles has decreased because of the enhanced dispersion of aluminum oxide particles between metals, thereby hindering the metal sintering process and the particle detachment from the surface of the catalyst are depressed, in agreement with the study carried out by Frusteri et al [67] These results are observed at approximately 50–60% methane conversion at an optimum reaction temperature of 700–750 °C. The strong interaction between Ni and TiO2 led to the fine dispersion of Ni particles on the
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