Recent Developments in Lead and Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Nanostructures towards Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction.

Chaitanya B Hiragond,Su-Il In,Niket S Powar

doi:10.3390/nano10122569

Chaitanya B Hiragond, Su-Il In + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122569

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Abstract

Perovskite materials have been widely considered as emerging photocatalysts for CO2 reduction due to their extraordinary physicochemical and optical properties. Perovskites offer a wide range of benefits compared to conventional semiconductors, including tunable bandgap, high surface energy, high charge carrier lifetime, and flexible crystal structure, making them ideal for high-performance photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Notably, defect-induced perovskites, for example, crystallographic defects in perovskites, have given excellent opportunities to tune perovskites’ catalytic properties. Recently, lead (Pb) halide perovskite and their composites or heterojunction with other semiconductors, metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal complexes, graphene, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been well established for CO2 conversion. Besides, various halide perovskites have come under focus to avoid the toxicity of lead-based materials. Therefore, we reviewed the recent progress made by Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites in photo-assisted CO2 reduction into useful chemicals. We also discussed the importance of various factors like change in solvent, structure defects, and compositions in the fabrication of halide perovskites to efficiently convert CO2 into value-added products.

Highlights

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction, which transforms solar energy into usable chemical fuels, has drawn considerable attention for solving environmental pollution and global energy problems [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
A similar trend was observed in the fs-TAS analysis (Figure 3c), where a large decrease in peak intensity of composite than the pristine sample was observed. These findings indicate that the recombination rate of the electron-hole in CsPbBr3 was reduced by integrating it over Pd nanosheets, which consciously promotes the process of CO2 reduction to form CH4 and CO (Figure 3d)
Pb-halide perovskites have proven to be the finest materials for CO2 conversion due to their high catalytic activity, high stability towards humidity, and long-term photostability

Summary

Introduction

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction, which transforms solar energy into usable chemical fuels, has drawn considerable attention for solving environmental pollution and global energy problems [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Perovskites have been significantly attracted as a better replacement for traditional semiconductors for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties and cost-effectiveness [24,25]. The Ti-rich catalyst showed the highest activity because the active Ti-edges shifted light absorption in the visible region These studies showed that the properties of perovskites, especially structural flexibility, will be of great interest to study as efficient materials for large-scale photocatalytic applications. Among the various perovskite materials, halide perovskites have been successfully emerging as an efficient catalyst due to their extraordinary properties like cost-effectiveness, easy synthesis process, visible light absorption, high CO2 adsorption surface area, surface disorders for charge trapping, and tunable structure [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]. This review would offer a thorough look into the recent success of optimal halide perovskites for the CO2 photoreduction application

Fundamentals of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Lead Halide Perovskites for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Findings

Summary and Outlook