Abstract
The rise in electrical energy demand and environmental concern results in shifting the world’s focus towards sustainable energy sources. Over-reliance of conventional fossil fuel-based power generation can be combatted using new and potential technologies like Microbial Fuel cells (MFCs). Direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy by the application of the naturally found microorganisms, makes MFC more convenient source of energy generation. Despite having low power density, it has been able to grab the researcher’s attention due to the flexibility of usage of various organic substrates. This review discusses the various households and industrial waste substrate which has further potential to generate power. The various liquid and solid substrates have been analysed and summarized. The substrate used, power densities, reactor volumes and specific important features used by the researchers for the improved performance have been tabulated. In a higher number of researches, liquid substrates have been comparatively more used than that of the solid substrates. Ease of handling, storage and accessibility of the liquid waste could be one of the few reasons for it. Also, in this review, various components, and key factors for the experimental design of MFC has been discussed. Along with that losses associated with MFCs and its application is explored.
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