Recent Developments in Diagnostic Imaging for Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Abstract

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment, gait abnormalities, and urinary incontinence attributable to cerebrospinal fluid circulatory insufficiency, is associated with an obscure etiology. Several methodologies and imaging analysis techniques, including visualization of cerebral hemodynamics and diffusion tensor imaging have emerged in recent years to determine functional alterations in cases of iNPH. These advancements have led to more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying iNPH. In this article, we discuss the historical evolution of imaging modalities for iNPH and contemporaneous imaging techniques designed to acquire deeper insight into this disease.