Abstract
Reconfigurable antennas have gained tremendous interest owing to their multifunctional capabilities while adhering to minimalistic space requirements in ever-shrinking electronics platforms and devices. A stark increase in demand for flexible and conformal antennas in modern and emerging unobtrusive and space-limited electronic systems has led to the development of the flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas era. Flexible and conformal antennas rely on non-conventional materials and realization approaches, and thus, despite the mature knowledge available for rigid reconfigurable antennas, conventional reconfigurable techniques are not translated to a flexible domain in a straight forward manner. There are notable challenges associated with integration of reconfiguration elements such as switches, mechanical stability of the overall reconfigurable antenna, and the electronic robustness of the resulting devices when exposed to folding of sustained bending operations. This paper reviews various approaches demonstrated thus far, to realize flexible reconfigurable antennas, categorizing them on the basis of reconfiguration attributes, i.e., frequency, pattern, polarization, or a combination of these characteristics. The challenges associated with development and characterization of flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas, the strengths and limitations of available methods are reviewed considering the progress in recent years, and open challenges for the future research are identified.
Highlights
Reconfigurable antennas have received a lot of attention in modern communication systems due to their versatile applications by offering extra functionality
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An ultra-wideband flexible frequency and pattern reconfigurable antenna structure which can be changed between a straight line and helix with 1.1-turn, liquid crystalline that uses twoand fabrication of conductive thread onmaterial the textilephase substrate and cutting elastomers heating methods effects are employed on theirembroidery shape
Summary
Reconfigurable antennas have received a lot of attention in modern communication systems due to their versatile applications by offering extra functionality. Despite great efforts for comprehensive reviews of rigid antennas, there are no for the flexible reconfigurable In this reconfigurable review paper, we summarize recent developments comprehensive review papersantennas. The purpose of this paper is to the challenges and limitations for designthe andchallenges fabrication, thelimitations achieved results and aand comparison of the review the reconfiguration techniques, and for design fabrication, the materials used inand flexible and rigid structures. This used leadsin toflexible the recognizing the current gapleads in this achieved results a comparison of the materials and rigidofstructures.
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